The German Shepherd, also known as the Alsatian, was developed in the late 1800's. It was originally bred to help herd and guard sheep flocks, and characteristics thought best for its line of work were preferred, such as intelligence and keen sense of smell. One breeder, Max von Stephanitz, established a registry that espoused this perspective and helped to establish the standards for today's German Shepherd.
This versatile large breed (males and females weighing in between 75 and 95 lbs.) are often used as working dogs and excel at sheep herding. It is well-known as a guard dog, police and army dog, tracker, search and rescue dog, show or obedience dog, as well as loyal and devoted personal companion.
The German Shepherd is extremely intelligent and is ranked third on Stanley Coren's Intelligence of Dogs. It is known for its fearlessness, strength, and protectiveness of its owner.